GHK was originally isolated by its actions on increasing the survival of rat liver organ cultures. GHK also increases repair of liver damage (or liver regeneration) in rats.

Study - Rat Liver Organ Culture

Result

GHK-Cu stimulated the survival of normal rat liver cells.

References

Study - Effect of GHK on DNA Synthesis and Immune Status (Rats)

Result

Edward Burne-Jones - The Dream of Launcelot at the Chapel of the San Graal

Ten intraperitoneal injections of tripeptide Gly-His-Lys in doses of 1.5, 5, 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg stimulated mitotic activity of hepatocytes and dose-dependently suppressed immune reactivity (number of antibody-producing cells and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction).

References

Study - Regeneration of Hepatic Damage After Poison (Rats)

Result

10-day intraperitoneal administration of Gly-His-Lys in doses 2.5 and 150 mu/kg raises of mitotic index of hepatocytes in acute toxic damage to the liver. In the dose 1.5 mu/kg this peptide corrects both functional activity of hepatocytes and immunological responsiveness. In a dose of 150 mu/kg the peptide has a more potent immunosuppressive action and deteriorates biochemical indices of blood serum as well as dystrophic changes in the liver.

References

Bone Healing

Study - GHK-Cu was Tested for Healing of Bone Tissue

Result

GHK-Cu markedly stimulated bone repair.

References

Study - Functions of bone forming cells. Effect of GHK-Cu on bone forming cells.

Edward Burne-Jones - The Last Sleep of Arthur

Result

GHK-Cu increases the number of human marrow stromal cells and promotes the attachment of human osteoblastic cells.

References

Study - Chick bone forming cells. Growth of bone chondrocytes.

Result

GHK-Cu increased chondrocyte growth and their synthetic rate of bone collagen. Authors suggests GHK-Cu may be useful in the preparation of cartilage implants.

References

Study - The effect of GHK-Cu on the stimulation of new bone production in guinea pigs was studied.The authors prepared 7.5% and 12.5% collagen gels, supplemented with the tripeptide GHK-Cu, perfloxacine and hypersulphated glycosaminoglycan (HSGAG).

Result

The gels were tested in guinea pigs for filling artificially created bone defects in diaphyses of femurs, and with cementless endoprostheses. Bone healing process was followed by means of RTG and NMR, and histologically. The slowest healing process was found in unfilled bone defects. Defects filled with Colladel without GHK-Cu healed more quickly, and the most accelerated healing was with the gels with GHK-Cu. The optimum gel, when used with cementless endoprostheses, produced vivid osteogenic activity at the interface of trabecular bone and metal stem.

References

GHK-Cu stimulates bone healing in animals and the functions of bone repair cells in culture. The development of GHK-Cu for clinical use is being conducted under the direction of Prof. Milan Adam (University of Prague, Photograph - on the left) . Adam developed a collagen - graft - glycosaminoglycan copolymer supplemented with GHK-Cu for bone healing.